![]() The association between mouth breathing and craniofacial structure deformities appeared in the orthodontic literature a long time ago. 4 concluded that mouth breathing was linked to skeletal and dental developmental changes in children. Additionally, a recent systematic review and meta-analysis by Zhao et al. 3 This is primarily because nasal airway inadequacy is subjective, and different authors judge breathing modes differently. ![]() Some scholars believe that mouth breathing is associated with alteration of craniofacial development and position of the hyoid bone, 2 while others disagree. The impact of mouth breathing on the dentoskeletal complex has been an area of debate and controversy for decades. Consequently, nasal resistance due to adenoid or tonsillar hypertrophy is hypothesized 1 to cause developmental changes in the craniofacial complex. Moss' functional matrix theory states that the soft tissue directs skeletal tissue development. ![]() The adenoids and palatine and lingual tonsils constitute the main component of the Waldeyer's ring, a lymphoid tissue complex around the pharynx that plays a crucial role in immunologic defense of the body.
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